Natural astaxanthin and emotional well-being

Most of us live a highly demanding life, juggling work, family, relationships and more. This often leads to stress, anxiety and general low mood which can have a profound impact on quality of life and health. In the face of this challenge and in order to achieve psychological balance, we need to boost our emotional resilience. We can do this with mental health promoting habits such as physical activity, good sleep and connecting to other people. In addition, studies suggest that natural astaxanthin, one of the most powerful antioxidants known, may support emotional well-being and cognitive health.

Oxidative stress in the brain affects our mood 

Research suggests a link between oxidative stress, the brain, mental health and emotional well-being¹. A balance between free radicals (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants is essential for healthy physiological function. When this balance is disrupted oxidative stress occurs, resulting in damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. The brain with its high oxygen consumption (about 20% of the total oxygen in the body) and limited antioxidant defenses is highly susceptible to oxidative stress^2,3. Oxidative stress may be increased in a number of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression⁴ . In fact, the hippocampus and frontal cortex,  brain regions, involved in depression and anxiety symptoms, are strongly affected by oxidative insult⁵. Studies of people with depression found an increase in oxidative stress markers and decrease in antioxidant defenses^6,7.  Interestingly, treatment with antioxidants has been found to have anti-depressive effects. A 6 years follow up study on 661 elderly persons found that higher total plasma carotenoids concentrations were associated with lower probability of depressed mood⁸. In addition, findings from animal and human studies clearly support involvement of altered oxidative stress-related mechanisms in anxiety disorders⁹.

Natural astaxanthin, the king of antioxidants, proven to cross the blood brain barrier

Astaxanthin is a dark red carotenoid naturally produced by the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. It is one of the most powerful antioxidants known (more potent than vitamin E, vitamin C and lycopene) with over 500 studies of its diverse health benefits.

One of astaxanthin’s advantages is that it crosses the blood brain barrier, potentially allowing a beneficial effect on the brain. The blood-brain barrier protects the brain by regulating the entry of molecules from the blood stream to the brain. A recent study found that astaxanthin accumulated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat brains after both single and repeated ingestion (Figure 1)¹⁰.

Figure 1: Astaxanthin crosses the blood-brain barrier                                                                Astaxanthin can be found in the plasma and brain following supplemented diet.                               Adapted from Manabe et al¹⁰

Another study found astaxanthin to have a positive effect on depressive-like behavior in mice. The beneficial effects of astaxanthin were associated with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties¹¹.

Natural astaxanthin may support recovery from mental fatigue

Mental overload is when we are overwhelmed by the volume of information and tasks to deal with. This together with long-term stress can lead to mental fatigue with reduced ability to concentrate and focus.  Natural astaxanthin sourced from Algatechnologies, and seasmin combination (AS) was tested  in a study conducted by Fujifilm for effects on mental and physical fatigue. 24 healthy volunteers consumed placebo or AS for 4 weeks. Mental fatigue was induced with 4 hours of memory and visual attention tests. The AS group exhibited significantly improved recovery from mental fatigue compared to the placebo group¹².

In conclusion, natural astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant proven to cross the blood brain barrier, may support emotional resilience and well -being.

References:

1. Moylan S, Berk M, Dean OM, et al. Oxidative & nitrosative stress in depression: Why so much stress? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;45:46-62. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.007
2. Halliwell B. Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: Where are we now? J Neurochem. 2006;97(6):1634-1658. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03907.x
3. Cobley JN, Fiorello ML, Bailey DM. 13 Reasons Why the Brain Is Susceptible To Oxidative Stress. Redox Biol. 2018;15(January):490-503. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.008
4. Pandya, C.D; Howell KRPA. Antioxidants as potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. 2014;(706):1-23. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.017.Antioxidants
5. Che Y, Wang JF, Shao L, Young LT. Oxidative damage to RNA but not DNA in the hippocampus of patients with major mental illness. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2010;35(5):296-302. doi:10.1503/jpn.090083
6. Palta P, Samuel LJ, Miller ER, Szanton SL. Depression and oxidative stress: Results from a meta-analysis of observational studies. Psychosom Med. 2014;76(1):12-19. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000009
7. Black CN, Bot M, Scheffer PG, Cuijpers P, Penninx BWJH. Is depression associated with increased oxidative stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015;51:164-175. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.025
8. Scapagnini G, Davinelli S, Drago F, De Lorenzo A, Oriani G. Antioxidants as antidepressants: Fact or fiction? CNS Drugs. 2012;26(6):477-490. doi:10.2165/11633190-000000000-00000
9. Maes M, Bonifacio KL, Morelli NR, et al. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Comorbid Major Depression with GAD Are Characterized by Enhanced Nitro-oxidative Stress, Increased Lipid Peroxidation, and Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses. Neurotox Res. 2018;34(3):489-510. doi:10.1007/s12640-018-9906-2
10. Manabe Y, Komatsu T, Seki S, Sugawara T. Dietary astaxanthin can accumulate in the brain of rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2018;82(8):1433-1436. doi:10.1080/09168451.2018.1459467
11. Ke Y, Bu S, Ma H, et al. Preventive and therapeutic effects of astaxanthin on depressive-like behaviors in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-treated rats. Front Pharmacol. 2020;10(January):1-12. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01621
12. Imai A, Oda Y, Ito N, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin and sesamin on daily fatigue: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):1-12. doi:10.3390/nu10030281